Astronomers study the sun, moon, planets, stars, and galaxies to learn about the nature of the universe.

Astronomy is sometimes considered a subfield of physics. Astronomers measure data from objects in space, including:

• Radio emissions
• Infrared emissions
• Gamma emissions
• X-ray emissions

Astronomers study the laws that govern astronomical objects, such as stars and planets. They develop instruments and techniques to observe and collect data on stars and planets in the galaxy. They investigate the evolution and structure of these objects.

Astronomers analyze data gathered by observatories and satellites. For example, they might calculate the size, shape, or orbit of planets or stars. Based on their research they may develop theories on how the universe was formed.

Many astronomers mentor graduate students and colleagues, write scientific reports, and present at scientific conferences. They often raise money for research projects.

Some astronomers operate large telescopes on the ground or in space, such as the Hubble Space Telescope. They spend only a part of their time observing through optical telescopes. Most of their time is spent analyzing data gathered by the equipment.

A small number of astronomers work in museums that house planetariums. They develop and revise programs to be presented to the public. They may also direct operations in the planetarium.