To work as a physicist, you typically need to:

• have a high school diploma or equivalent;
• have a bachelor's degree in physical science; and
• have a doctoral degree (PhD) in physics.

Education after high school

Physicists need a doctoral degree (PhD) for most jobs, especially to lead research projects or teach at a college or university. Those with a master's degree in physics may qualify for jobs in applied research and development for manufacturing and health care companies.

In physics, you study optics, thermodynamics, and atomic physics. When working on a doctoral degree you focus on a specific area such as elementary particles or condensed matter.

Many colleges and universities offer bachelor's degree programs in physics. Fewer offer advanced degrees.

Work experience

After completing a doctoral degree, many physicists work as postdoctoral fellows (postdocs). These university positions last for several years. Postdocs get experience working with other physicists. This research can lead to a teaching or research job at a university.

Military training

The military does not provide initial training in this field. However, the military may provide work experience to physicists who have a master's degree or higher.