To work as a firefighter, you typically need to:

• have a high school diploma or equivalent;
• pass a written exam;
• pass a physical test;
• pass a medical exam;
• complete firefighter training; and
• complete long-term, on-the-job training.

City firefighters:

Firefighters must be at least 18 years old. You must pass tests of strength, endurance, coordination, and agility. You also must pass a medical exam and a drug-screening test. You may have to pass a written test. Some of the best preparation you can do is get into excellent physical condition.

Forest firefighters:

The ability to live and work outdoors is an important requirement for forest firefighters. Many firefighters work for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) or the Forest Service. You should contact these agencies around December 15 for an application to work for them the following summer. Individuals who successfully complete their first season of employment are eligible to be rehired the next year.

Education after high school

Taking courses in fire science may improve your chances of getting a job. Some community colleges offer courses in fire science, fire protection engineering, or fire control. Depending on the school, you can earn a two- or four-year degree in these areas. It is becoming more common for cities and municipalities to require that you complete some college course work before getting hired. It is also common to require that firefighters have a college degree or complete equivalent coursework in key areas, such as chemistry and writing. However, forest firefighters typically need only a high school diploma.

Those wishing to become wildland firefighters may attend apprenticeship programs that last up to 4 years. These programs combine instruction with on-the-job-training under the supervision of experienced firefighters.

On-the-job training

Most firefighters are trained by their employer. The length of training varies, but generally lasts at least one year.

You receive both classroom and practical training. Most importantly, you learn firefighting techniques and prevention. You also study local building codes, emergency medical procedures, and hazardous material control. In addition, you learn to use firefighting and rescue equipment. After successfully completing this training, you join a fire company. You then undergo a period of probation.

Firefighters constantly study and train. You practice to keep your skills sharp and to learn new equipment and skills.

Military training

Some branches of the military train people to be firefighters. Training lasts seven to 11 weeks, depending on your specialty. Additional training occurs on the job.