Geologists and geophysicists need knowledge in the following areas:

• Mathematics: The rules and uses of numbers.
• Geography: How to describe the location, features, and relationships of land, sea, and air.
• Physics: The features and laws of matter and energy.
• English Language: The meaning and use of the English language.
• Engineering and Technology: How to use computers and rules of engineering to design and produce goods and services.
• Chemistry: The properties of substances and the changes that occur when they interact.
• Computers and Electronics: Computer hardware and software.
• Biology: Cells, plants, and animals and how they function.