Optometrists examine patients' eyes to diagnose vision problems. They prescribe corrective lenses or other treatments.

Optometrists use instruments, eye drops, and observation to determine the health of patients' eyes. They test for problems such as:

• Nearsightedness
• Farsightedness
• Color blindness
• Glaucoma

Optometrists also test depth perception and eye coordination. For patients who have vision problems, optometrists use special equipment to determine which corrective lenses or medication to use. After reviewing test results, optometrists put together a treatment plan that might include:

• Eyeglasses
• Contact lens
• Surgery
• Vision therapy

Optometrists explain treatment plans to patients and answer their questions. They teach patients about proper lighting, care of glasses and contact lenses, and general eye safety and health. They provide care before and after surgery. They also document their observations and test results in patients' charts.

Optometrists may consult with and refer patients to other health care workers if additional treatment is needed. Sometimes they refer patients to ophthalmologists (doctors who perform eye surgery). They also may refer patients to opticians who fill orders for eyeglasses and contact lens.

Some optometrists specialize in one area, such as contact lenses or vision therapy. Some specialize in working with one type of patient, such as children or the elderly.