Physicists study the properties of matter and energy to gain a better understanding of how things work.

Physicists study matter as small as subatomic particles and as large as black holes in the universe. They analyze and evaluate data to develop new theories, technologies, and products.

Physicists do two kinds of research:

• Basic research
• Applied research

The goal of basic research is to expand scientific knowledge. Physicists try to detect and measure phenomena that have not yet been observed. They develop scientific theories and test them.

Using the results of basic research, applied research physicists develop devices and products. These products are used in the fields of electronics, health care, energy, and communications.

Most research physicists plan and conduct experiments. Sometimes they design equipment to do their research. In most work settings, they direct and advise other staff in test procedures.

There are several subfields in physics:

• Astrophysicists study the properties of the universe
• Atomic physicists study atoms
• Condensed matter physicists study the structure of matter
• Medical physicists develop new medical technology
• Particle and nuclear physicists study atomic and subatomic particles
• Plasma physicists study plasmas

Physicists write proposals and apply for research grants. In addition, they report their findings in technical papers or journals. They often present research at conferences. Some physicists teach at the college or university level.