Although not required for all astronauts, it is helpful to have some flying experience. This experience may be gained either in the military or through private lessons.
Training to become an astronaut is very demanding. Space programs accept a limited number of people as astronaut trainees. Applicants must pass physical and psychological examinations. They also submit to regular exams to ensure that they are fit for the job. These exams include stress tests to determine whether or not the candidate will be able to handle the unique conditions of space.
Long-duration missions, such as those aboard the International Space Station, generally last six months. Training for long duration missions is very arduous and takes approximately two to three years. This training requires extensive travel, including long periods in other countries for training with NASA's international partners. Most applicants learn Russian as part of this training.
Astronauts must be good at working cooperatively with people in cramped spaces and show leadership qualities.
Spacecraft and station crews put in a lot of work hours when they are in space. The average workday for an astronaut in space is 16 hours, and they are on-call 24 hours a day.
Source: Illinois Career Information System (CIS) brought to you by Illinois Department of Employment Security.